Combinatorial chemistry has been a dramatically growing field during the past decade. Today's driving force for combinatorial chemistry is associated with the need of pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries to quickly generate libraries of compounds which can be screened in high throughput bioassays. Based on the fundamental work by R. B. Merrifield on solid-supported polypeptide and polynucleotide synthesis, polymer-assisted synthesis has been regarded to be an ideal tool to rapidly provide large numbers of new compounds as the automation of organic synthesis becomes feasible. However, only recently, polymer-assisted solution phase synthesis has seen a renaissance as it combines the best of two worlds-solid phase synthesis and solution phase chemistry. Here, stoichiometrically employed reagents or catalysts are attached to a solid phase and are used for chemical transformations in solution. This allows a broader range of organic transformations, easy analytics and the same simple purification protocol as is known from solid phase synthesis. This article gives a comprehensive overview of this dramatically expanding field of research.