By
Dr. W. Mark Lonsdale
ESI Special Topics, May 2002
Citing URL - http://www.esi-topics.com/nhp/comments/may02-WMLonsdale.html
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Dr. W. Mark Lonsdale answers a few questions about this month's new hot paper in field of
Environment/Ecology.
From
•>>May 2002
Field: Environment/Ecology
Article Title:
"Global patterns of plant invasions and the concept of invasibility"
Authors: Lonsdale, WM
Journal: ECOLOGY
Volume: 80
Page: 1522-1536
Year: JUL 1999
* CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
* CSIRO Entmol, European Lab, F-34980 Montferrier Sur Lez, France.
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Why do you think your paper is highly cited?
Biological invasions are widely regarded as a major threat to
biodiversity, perhaps second only to habitat clearance. This is
not widely appreciated outside conservation research, but interest
in the topic amongst ecologists is growing almost as rapidly as
the number of successful invasions! My paper is a contribution to
this field.
Does it describe a new discovery or new methodology that's
useful to others?
There are as yet few synthesis papers available on biological
invasions. My paper attempted to pull together what is known about
patterns of plant invasions on different continents, and to ask
whether these data can be used to test whether some kinds of
habitats are more susceptible to invasions than others.
Can you give us some background on this research?
This research is a classic case of "armchair
ecology". Ecologists have been amassing data on all sorts of
topics for decades, and we are now increasingly seeing ecological
papers that are reporting on quantitative overviews of the
literature. Some of these papers go as far as a formal
"meta-analysis" of the literature in the manner
propounded in medical science. My paper is less rigorous than
that, but it produced some interesting generalizations. For
example, it seems that habitats richer in native species are
likely to have more, not fewer, invasive species. Islands have
most plant invaders for a given area of ground, and mainland
parks and reserves the least. One would hope this would allow
us to draw conclusions about relative susceptibility to invasion
of the different environments (their "invasibility").
However, conclusions about process based on pattern are unsound.
The conceptual part of my paper argued that the number of invasive
species established in a region is a product of the number of
species introduced and the rate at which they survive in the new
habitat. Thus, my early drafts of the paper in which I attempted
to use the data on patterns of invasive species richness to
construe invasibility (which is inversely proportional to the rate
of species survival) were flawed. We cannot tell whether
differences between habitats in invasive species counts have
resulted from differences in invasibility or differences in the
number of species introduced. This might seem pretty obvious now,
and perhaps would have been to others, but I toiled on and off
over 5 years analyzing and reanalyzing the data before I realized
I was asking questions the data could not answer! This account
would be incomplete if I did not thank the editorial staff at the
journal, Ecology, for allowing me to persist with this paper
through a couple of major revisions. They and the referees
contributed substantially to its final form.
Could you summarize the significance of your paper in layman's
terms?
Every natural ecosystem on earth is now under threat from an
array of biological invaders - pests, weeds and diseases. These
are organisms that may be barely noticeable in their native
environment, but which increase in numbers when introduced to a
new region. They can change the rules of the game for every
species in a habitat. For example, invasive plants such as vines,
trees, shrubs, grasses shade out the native plants so that the
community of species relying on them -birds, mammals, insects, and
so on - can't make a living. In any habitat across the world, on
average roughly 20% of the plant species established there are
weeds. We can't yet be sure which habitat types are most
vulnerable. However, sites richer in native species do tend to
have more invasive species, and may need better protection.
Dr W.M. Lonsdale
Strategy Director - Environment
CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australia 2601
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ESI Special Topics,
May 2002
Citing URL - http://www.esi-topics.com/nhp/comments/may02-WMLonsdale.html
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